Myocardial Edema Revisited in a New Paradigm of Cardiac Electrical Microcurrent Application in Heart Failure

Abstract
Undisturbed bioelectricity is a prerequisite for normal organ function. This is especially true for organs with high electrical activity such as the heart and the nervous system. Under clinical conditions, however, this can hardly be determined in patients with disturbed organ function and is therefore largely ignored. Here, based on clinical data, we will discuss whether the direct application of an external electric current (in the physiological lA range) together with an electrical field to hearts with impaired pump function can explain the functional improvement of the hearts by edema reduction triggered by electro-osmosis.